US Constitution
of 1787
20th Amendment
#
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US
Constitution Amendment
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Proposal Date
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Enacted Date
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20th
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Fixes the dates of term commencements for Congress on January 3
and the President on January 20
popular name is "lame duck amendment" - Signers: Speaker of
the House John Nance Garner (D-TX) & Vice President Charles Curtis (R-KA)
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March 2, 1932
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January 23, 1933
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The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the
United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the
President and Vice President from March 4 to January 20, and of members of
Congress from March 4 to January 3. It also has provisions that determine what
is to be done when there is no President-elect. The Twentieth Amendment was ratified
on January 23, 1933:
Section 1.
The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day
of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day
of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article
had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
Section 2.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall
begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a
different day.
Section 3.
If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the
President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become
President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the
beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify,
then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall
have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein
neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified,
declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to
act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President
or Vice President shall have qualified.
Section 4.
The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons
from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the
right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of
any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever
the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5.
Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the
ratification of this article.
Section 6.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
Exhibited
is a New York Times, New York, NY,
January 24, with a front page headline: "39 STATES RATIFY AMENDMENT ENDING 'LAME DUCK' TERMS",
"Missouri is 36th to Vote Change in the Constitution, Effective on Oct.
15", "INAUGURATIONS ON JAN. 20."
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