U.S. Constitution
of 1787
27th Amendment
#
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US
Constitution Amendment
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Proposal Date
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Enacted Date
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27th
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Prevents laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect
until after the next election of the representatives. - Signers: Speaker of
the House Frederick Muhlenberg (PA) & Vice President John Adams (MA)
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September 25, 1789
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May 7, 1992
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The
Twenty-seventh Amendment prohibits any law that increases or decreases the
salary of members of the Congress from taking effect until the start of the
next set of terms of office for Representatives. It is the most recent
amendment to the United States Constitution: although it was submitted to the
states for ratification in 1789, it was not adopted until 1992.
The laws
ascertaining the compensation of senators and representatives, for their
services, shall be postponed in their operation until after the election of
representatives immediately succeeding the passing thereof; that excepted which
shall first be passed on the subject.
This
Article the Second of the proposed 12
Amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, concerning the compensation of
Congressional members, is currently the last amendment to the Constitution of
1787, having been ratified on May 7, 1992 as the 27th Amendment.
It
was the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S.
433 (1939), that enabled University of Texas undergraduate student Gregory
Watson to begin a letter-writing campaign to revise the amendment. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that any
proposed amendment that has been submitted to the states for ratification with
no ratification deadline specified, may be ratified by the states at any
time. As a result of Watson's campaign, Maine
was the first to ratify the Second Amendment in April 1983. On May 18, 1992, the Archivist of the United
States certified that the amendment's ratification was completed on May 7,
1992, with Michigan being the 38th state to ratify. It later came to light that the Kentucky
General Assembly had ratified all 12 amendments during that state's initial
month of statehood, technically making Alabama the 38th state to ratify the
amendment and finalize its addition to the Constitution.
Article the Second - Exhibited
is a 1790’s printing of the September 25th, 1789, Act of the United States
House of Representatives and Senate in Congress Assembled proposing 12
Constitutional Amendments: “Articles in addition to, amendment of, the
constitution of the United States of America, proposed by congress, and
ratified by the legislatures of the several states, pursuant to the fifth
article of the original constitution.” Signed in type by Frederick Augustus
Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Adams, Vice-President
of the United States and president of the Senate. Published in the Acts Passed at the First Session of the Third Congress of the United States of America, Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, On Monday the Second of December, in the Year MDCCXCIII, and of the Independence of the United States the Eighteenth, published in Philadelphia PA by Richard Folwell, 1796, in full calf leather.
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